Raphaël is a post-doctoral researcher originally from Quebec and based at Alfred-Wegener-Instiute in Potsdam, where he completed a doctoral degree in 2021. He specializes in the analysis of climate variability using a variety of sources including proxy-based reconstructions of past climates, recent data and climate model simulations. His research currently focus on long-term variability and the controlling role of the ocean, with implications for projecting multi-decadal scale natural variability, which compounds with anthropogenic-driven warming.
 

Warming Maps
Two maps standing together illustrates that while high-latitude regions have seen the largest warming due to polar amplification, the tropical latitudes have seen a stronger warming with respect to what is usually expected.

Fig 1: Several regions have already experienced more than 2 degrees of warming (black) since the mid-19th century, in particular in polar regions where temperature variability gets amplified. 

Fig 2: While tropical regions have experienced a smaller warming than polar regions, the warming  is relatively more important given their usual stability, and generally exceeds twice the amplitude of the natural variability.